Internal combustion engine



Patented Apr. 10, 1934 ,5 nition point'of the ftljehhS-in the Diesel engine, and in which air s pa ked inja'r'eservoir chamber o 1,954,084 o INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE' Franz; Lang, Munich, Germany, assignor ,Lanova- Aktiengesellschaf t, Vaduz, Liechtenstein,

Application May 11, 1932, Serial No. 610,628 InGermany June 10, 1931 i .5 Claims. (Cl. 123-32) invention 5 relates to internal combustion engines and has particular reference to that class of engines in which-a volume of air in the combustion chambris compressed to adegree" sufficient to raiseits temperatureabove the igduring the compressiohstroke"andissues as expansion takes place:

It is an object of my invention to irnprove an engineof the class set out abovawith aview to effecting the aforesaidmirigling under the most favorable conditions. j

To this endl moodaammmmn chamber at the cylinder head," with aninjection nozzle and thereservoirichamber at opposite sides"of the combustion chamber, and withwalls extending from the" nozzle in opposite directions andtoward the reservoirchamber; 7 1

In the accompanying'firawi g various arrangements of internal combustion engines embodying my invention are illust rated by 'way ofexample'.

Inthedrawing i Fig. 1 is'an axial section of thecylinderhead Fig. Zisa section on thlin e I-I in Fig. 1.- Fig: 3isa section of the cylinder head and cylinder or engine embodying my invention" andprovi ded with two noz'zlesand two reservoirchambers, taken on the axis of one of the nozzles and thereservoir chamberopposite it,-"and' Fig. 4 is erection on the;line*II II inFig. 3. Referring nowjtothe drawing, in all figures 1* isthe piston; '2 the] cylinder, 3 the cylinder head, 4

the combustionroom over the piston"1,'*5 the combustion chambergfifand l'are the valves in the outerwall offlthe combustion chamber 5, 8 is the injectionfinozzlefahd9 is there'servoir or air storage chamber. In Figs'; 3 and 4 where the nozzle and the reservoirchamber are dupli f cated, these parts; ave beenmarked a1 and 91,

and82 and 92, respectively;ff i

The principle nderlying all thevarioustypes which/will now be described in detail, is that the the nozzle side is split up anddivided into two flows which perform circular or whirling movedricalribs or projections which project from the fromthepassage 13. y and cylinder of anin ternal combustion'engine @embodying myinventionl l merits, re-unite near the wall at the reservoir chamber side and are finally deflected into the cylinder.

The rotary or whirling movement of the mixture causes very intimatemingling of fuel and air. 0 The nozzle remains comparatively cool while the fuelis heated before combustion; and all this results in the gradual ignition,

and atomized oll only gets to the cylinder.

Referring now particularlyto Figs. 1 and 2, the combustion chamber 5 issmaller than the combustion room 4 of the cylinder so that the combustion chamber may be said to be stepped with respect to the combustion room 4.

The reservoir or air storage chamber 9 may be cast integral with the cylinder head'3 and connected with the combustionchamber 5 by the passage 13. i i i i 10, 11 are two hollow and substantially cylinpiston head into the combustion chamber 5. The

inner sides of the ribs are flattened to let pass the jet fromthenozzle 8 and the return flow Compressed air is forced i to the reservoir or air storage chamber 9 through its opening 13 and the jet from the nozzleilfiowsin the same direction, during the compression stroke of the piston and ensuing injection .of fuel. When ignition and expansionoccur, the contents of the reservoir chamber 9 flows toward the combustion chamber while the jetof fuel still issues. from the nozzle8, so that now the air and the jet of injected fuel flow in opposite directions and whirling movement isimparted to the mixture in the two substantially circular portions of the combustion chamber.

, Thecomplete atomization of the oil which reout projections which might interfere with the regular flow therein. The only projections from the inner face of the wall are the valve bodies 6 and 7 but obviously the valves might be flat. I It is not necessary thatthe nozzle 8 and the reservoir 9 should be arranged in axially aligned relation but is advantageous that the axes of the two elements include an obtuse angle.

The outer wall of the combustion chamber 5 rises from the nozzle 8 toward the reservoir cham-- her 9 so that the flat roof of this chamber is inclined upward away from the nozzle 8, and the 1 upper surfaces of projections 10 and 11 are inclined similarly to this roof so as to be parallel therewith, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. In this manner the fuel injected from the nozzle encounters gradually increasing sections of the combustion chamber as it approaches the reservoir chamber 9, which facilitates the admixture of fresh air as the mixture is whirled about.

It will appear that by the ribs or projections 10, 11 a positive and regular guiding of the flows in a circular path is effected.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, the nozzles and reservoir chambers are arranged in pairs at opposite sides of the combustion chamber 5, which is similar to that shown in Figs. 1, 2 i. e., has the shape in plan of the numeral 8.

It is not necessary that the nozzles and reservoir chambers be arranged as in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive. As will appear from Fig. 4 the nozzles and reservoir chambers may be disposed adjacent the ends of the combustionchamber. Obviously, a similar arrangement might be provided for the single pairs of nozzles and reservoir chambers, and it is understood that I am not limited to any particular arrangement of axes. In the example illustrated in Fig. 4 the axes of the nozzles and reservoir chambers are secants of the circles making up the combustion chamber, and at right angles to the line which connects the centres of the two circles. Obviously, they might be tangents, and arranged at any other angle to the line if secants or tangents. A further nozzle 83 and reservoir chamber 93 may be arranged in a central position between the nozzles and chambers at the sides.

The restricted openings 13 of the reservoir chambers open into large curved passages 14, 15. The curving is favorable because it serves for intercepting the fuel as well as for guiding the flow of air from the reservoir chamber.

Various modifications may be made in my invention without departing from its gist. The shape of the combustion chamber should be noncircular but may be varied in many ways, for instance, be a'semi loop, a pointed oval, a form resembling kidneys,and so on.

I claim:

1. In an injection engine, a cylinder and a.

piston operating therein, a combustion chamber overlying and opening into the cylinder, an air storage chamber opening into the combustion chamber at one side thereof, and an injection nozzle opening into the combustion chamber at the other side thereof, the piston being provided with a projection extending into the combustion chamber and defining with the surrounding wall thereof a substantially annular passage, when the piston is in approximately upper dead center position, the roof of the combustion chamber being fiat and inclined upward'away from the nozzle and the upper surface of said projection being parallel to said roof.

2. In an injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, a combustion chamber overlying and opening into the cylinder, an air storage chamber opening into the combustion chamber at one side thereof, and an injection nozzle opening into the combustion chamber at the other side thereof, the piston being provided with a projection extending into the combustion chamber and defining with the surrounding wall there of a substantially annular passage, when the piston is in approximately upper dead center position.

3. In an injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, a combustion chamber of approximately figure 8 shape in plan overlying and opening into the cylinder, projections on the piston and extending into the end portions of the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the surrounding wall of the latter, when the piston is in approximately upper dead center position, said projections being spaced apart to provide a passage therebetween, an injection nozzle having an opening into the combustion chamber at one side thereof disposed to inject fuel into the passage, and an air storage chamber having an opening into the combustion chamber at the opposite side thereof disposed to eject the contents of said storage. chamber into said passage.

4. In an injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, a combustion chamber of approximately figure 8 shape in plan overlying and openinginto the cylinder, projections on the piston and extending intothe end portions of the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the surrounding wall of the latter, when the piston is in approximately upper dead center position, said projections being spaced apart to provide a passage therebetween extending transversely of the chamber at the constriction thereof, an injection nozzle having an opening into the combustion chamber at one side thereof disposed to inject fuel into the passage, and an air storage cham ber having an opening into the combustion chamber at the opposite side thereof disposed to eject the contents of said storage chamber into said passage.

5. In an injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, a combustion chamber of approximately figure 8 shape in plan overlying and opening into the cylinder, substantially cylindrical projections on the piston and extending into the end portions of the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the surrounding wall of the latter, when the piston is in approximately upper .dead center position, said projections having their inner sides flattened and spaced apart and defining a passage therebetween. extending transversely of the combustion chamber at the constriction thereof, an injection nozzle having an opening into the combustion chamber at one side thereof disposed to inject fuel into the passage, and'an air storage chamber having an opening into the combustionchamber at the opposite side thereof disposed to eject the contents of said storage chamber into said passage.

i FRANZ LANG. 

